Essay on Cross Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Road Networks

Silk was an important item that was traded and began during the Han Dynasty. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes and the first marketplace that allowed people to spread beliefs and cultural ideas across Europe and Asia. Merchants and traders of many countries traveled technologies, diseases and religion on the Silk Road; connecting the West and East. They also imported horses, grapes, medicine products, stones, etc. and deported apricots, pottery and spices. The interaction of these different cultures created a cultural diffusion. The road consisted of vast and numerous trade routes that went between China and Europe. Long distance trade came to action when rulers invested in making roads and bridges. â€Å"During the 1870s, silk†¦show more content†¦The first Indian ruler to become a Buddhist was Ashoka. â€Å"Ashokas patronage, however, was especially important in the history of Buddhism, for he not only sustained the faith at an important point in its dev elopment but spread it far beyond his own borders.† Ashoka had commands engraved on pillars, which was a big impact on the spread of Buddhism in communities. â€Å"Central Asia became a major center of Buddhism by the first century C.E., and from there the faith spread along the Silk Road and into China and Korea.† Because of Ashoka, religions were passed quickly through the Silk Roads. Gregory, the Wonderworker converted people into Christianity. Christian communities thrived in Mediterranean basin by late third century C.E. Christians also attracted people from southwest Asia and in the Roman Empire. Individuals started isolated themselves and lived like hermits, devoting their time to praise God. The Christian communities in Mesopotamia and Iran were very sizable with the number on converts until the seventh century C.E. There we also Nestorian communities in India, central Asia and China which emphasized human nature of Jesus. Unfortunately, Mediterranean church authorities rejected Nestorius’s views. Another religion that was founded was Manichaeism. Prophet Mani, whom was a sincere Zoroastrian from Babylon in Mesopotamia, founded Manichaeism. Mani was inspired by Buddhist, Christian and Zoroastrian andShow MoreRelatedCause of the Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization1675 Words   |  7 PagesAryans, floods, drought, and/or decline in trade with other societies. Topic 1: On several occasions in class, we discussed the processes of accretion and syncretism. Describe and analyze the cross-cultural influences in a Mediterranean and Indus Valley context. Your essay should provide examples of cultural (remember the components of culture we discussed early in the semester) interchange between different societies and civilizations. Introduction Culture is the complex combination of intellectualRead MoreWays of the World Second Edition Chapter 7 Questions2283 Words   |  10 Pagestaxing trade. Trade posed the problem of if the government or private companies should control it. Trade spread religious ideas, technology, plants and animals and diseases. 2. There were many reasons behind the emergence of the Silk Road. One reason was the exchange of products of the forest and of the semi-arid northern grasslands of inner Eurasia, which were controlled by pastoral peoples, for the agricultural products and manufactured goods of the warmer, well-watered lands of outer EurasiaRead MoreThe Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesto remain autonomous in exchange for symbolic acceptance of Han overlordship. The Han Dynasty did expand into southern China, northern Vietnam, and parts of Korea. Conversely, the Han Dynasty’s primary focus was not to conquer as much land as possible for more power and wealth as was the Roman Empire emphasis. The Han Dynasty developed the Silk Road, which allowed them to connect with the Roman Empire. The Chinese knew how to make silk; the Roman’s wanted the silk, but did not know how toRead MoreImpact Of Globalisation On The Way The Business Operate854 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical systems, economic developments, prosperity and human physical well-being in the societies around the world. It is believed that for thousands of years, the process of cross cultural buying and selling of goods among people has been continuing in the lands at great distances. Such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. In a similar manner, for centuries, people and organisations have invested in enterprises in other countriesRead MoreForeign Trade with China1207 Words   |  5 Pagesway back to 206 BC – 220 AD during the Han Dynasty when the Silk Road was first established. Since then, the world has developed into an interconnected web of relationships that has linked empires across the globe. The foundation of these ties was formed upon the physical exchange of commodities such as porcelain and silk. These transactions have more than just satisfied the demands of eager consumers. They have led to an intricate network of contacts unifying East Asian countries with the distantRead MoreAn Old Day Passes, A New Day Arr ives985 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication networks throughout their spheres of influence. Weak political centralization and changing religious beliefs allowed these nations to be overwhelmed by nomadic peoples who assimilated and then replaced the dominant cultures. With a strong foundation for success, these new day nations were able to expand trade and cultural exchanges to a level unreachable to their predecessors. Fresh blood, economic development, and demographic growth were the major contributors to the increased cross-culturalRead MoreAP World1176 Words   |  5 PagesBantu-speaking peoples stimulate cross-cultural interaction? 11. In what ways were the histories of the Ancestral Pueblo and the Mound Builders similar to each other, and how did they differ? Key Terms Ancestral Pueblo: Formerly known as the Anasazi, this people established a mixed agricultural and gathering/hunting societyin thesouthwestern partofNorth America. (pron. PWAY-blow) Apedemek: The lion god of classical Meroà «; his popularity shows a turn away from Egyptian cultural influence. (pron. ah-PED-eh-mek) Read MoreGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration6873 Words   |  28 Pagesother aspects of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the telegraph and its development the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. Though scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World. Some even trace the origins to the third millennium BCE. Large-scaleRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words   |  18 Pages * Copper 4. The spread of the Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their * Knowledge of agriculture 5. Characteristics of complex civilizations * Specialization of labor * Trade and cultural diffusion * Written languages * Complex political order and power 6. Evidence proves that the Mesopotamians * Traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, India 7. Major effect of Neolithic Revolution Read MoreBig Geography and the Peopling of the Earth Essay3366 Words   |  14 Pagesregional and trans-regional. 33. Women and men had different roles in society but both were very valued because of their contribution. Since more men were being rulers, women were inferior to men. 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions 34. Religions helped bonded people to a code that they live by. Because of the shared beliefs, a reinforced a strong political, and economy. Church and state were often merged as rulers and also dealt with conflict together. 35. Religions

Poliomyelitis in Nigeria - 1712 Words

Introduction For Nigeria, the polio virus is still around in the country because of purely religious reasons. A section of the country, precisely the northern axis spurned a theory that the polio vaccine was fertility control tool of the west. Nothing could be further from the truth! But for intervention of senior clerics and prominent politicians from the area, there would have a standstill in the eradication efforts. To worsen matters, damage had been done by the time of the intervention as a case from caused Sudan which had been free to be re-infected again. And the world was back to square 1 in polio eradication efforts! The world is not resting on its oars and efforts mainly in the form polio eradication campaigns and conferences. One of such conferences held in the Nigerian capital, Abuja where stock taking of Nigeria`s polio situation (and by extension polio situation worldwide since Nigeria is one of last places polio is yet to eradicated) (BBC Focus on Africa programme, Apri l 28,2014). That conference informed participant and the whole world of the progress the country was making. It emerged that Nigeria recorded only two cases in the last year which was an improvement on early figures. Furthermore, the World Health Organisation (WHO) issued the most radical directive when it imposed travel restrictions on individuals from Pakistan advising that travellers from the Asian country prove full polio vaccination before they could travelShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Poliomyelitis?1564 Words   |  6 PagesWHAT IS POLIO? Poliomyelitis or polio, is highly contagious viral infection that can lead to abnormal conditions such as paralysis, breathing problems, or even lead to death. The poliomyelitis is from the word â€Å"grey†, myelos referencing to the â€Å"matter† of the spinal cord, -itis meaning inflammation. So it means the inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord. Poliomyelitis can be categorize as either asymptomatic or symptomatic. AboutRead MoreA Brief Look at Poliomyelitis1377 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Poliomyelitis is often called polio, this polio is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus which can spread from person to person via the fecal- oral route. The term poliomyelitis means inflammation of the spinal cord of the grey matter. In severe poliomyelitis infection it can expand to the brainstem. Polio is so contagious that anyone living with a person that is recently affected can spread the virus for weeks in their feces. It invades the nervous system and spread withinRead MoreOutline Of A Program On Immunization3109 Words   |  13 PagesPerspectives on the expanded program on immunization in the quest to eradicate polio in Nigeria: A comparative evaluation. Word count: 2,559. Introduction Poliomyelitis also referred to as polio or infantile paralysis is a highly infectious yet preventable viral infection (WHO 2014). It is caused by a human virus of the enterovirus subgroup called the poliovirus; a member of the picornaviridae family (GPEI 2015a, Atkinson et al., 2009). Three subtypes of the poliovirus exist: P1, P2 and P3. ImmunityRead MoreA Brief Look at Polio1848 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Respiratory paralysis may occur, following infection of brainstem known as paralytic poliomyelitis. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis may also occur; in which, symptoms are indistinguishable from aseptic meningitis caused by other enteroviruses and photophobia. Sometimes abortive poliomyelitis occurs, causing minor nonspecific symptoms of headache, sore throat, nausea, fever and malaise. Some polio patients never fully regain use of their limbsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Polio During The Egyptian Era1586 Words   |  7 Pagesunti l research skills and technology accessibility improved that scientists were able to grasp the idea that it was all caused by the Poliomyelitis virus. Polio began ravaging through the world in the twentieth century, crippling children, and, even after the discovery of numerous vaccines, is still relentless enough that it infects children today. Poliomyelitis, also called â€Å"infantile paralysis† (Swanson 1), is a virus that has been around for over 3,000 years, but had troubled scientists rightRead MoreHow Poliomyelitis Is A Contagious And Aggressive Virus1196 Words   |  5 PagesPoliomyelitis is a highly contagious and aggressive virus which attacks motor neurones attached to the spinal chord and brainstem. There is no cure for Polio however there is a vaccine which contains a mixture of live and weakened strains of the three types of polio; Bulbar polio, spinal polio and bulbospinal polio. Poliomyelitis is an aggressive virus which is able to pass through the three line of defence. It is passed through the first line by the faecal/oral route and enters the bloodstream.Read MoreTaking a Look at Infantile Paralysis2074 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Poliomyelitis also called Polio or infantile paralysis describes an acute viral infectious disease which is generally transmitted by the oral fecal route. The condition is characterized by the downwards flexed foot, withered limbs associated with muscle atrophy following the loss of motor innervations in the limb. The symptoms, location, extent and persistence of the paralysis caused depends on the degree of the damage to the anterior horn neurons and the number of neurons affected.Read MoreA Brief Look at Polio1444 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Polio or poliomyelitis was derived from the Greek words â€Å"polio† meaning grey and â€Å"myelos† meaning marrow which refers to the grey matter of the spinal cord and ‘itis’ meaning inflammation; therefore poliomyelitis is inflammation of grey matter of the spinal cord (www.wikipedia.com). It is a viral disease caused by the polio virus which belongs to the enterovirus genus; enterovirus because it infects and replicates in the intestinal epithelial and lymphoid (tonsils, Peyer’s patches) cellsRead MoreOutline Of A Child Immunization1072 Words   |  5 PagesDiseases Becoming More Prevalent in Children Vaccines are crucial in a child s life. Immunizations and vaccines help prevent future diseases such as pneumonia, polio, and HPV. Polio is a disease that can cause paralysis (Poliomyelitis). This disease is most commonly found in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan (Childhood). One out of every five children in Pakistan don t have their necessary vaccines and immunizations (Childhood). In rural areas 2/3 of their children don t get their vaccinations (Childhood)Read MoreTaking a Look at Polio1546 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Polio (poliomyelitis) is a viral disease also referred to as infantile paralysis. It is an infectious, potentially fatal disease for which there is no known existing cure. This paper discusses the causes, transmission, symptoms and prevention of polio. Further, it addresses the challenges involved in eradicating Polio and suggests efforts to wipe out this disease. The word â€Å"poliomyelitis† is derived from the Greek word, ‘polios’, meaning grey, and myelà ³s for â€Å"marrow†, which refers

Revival • Selena Gomez free essay sample

Selena Gomez, a princess of the music industry, released a third solo album that’s cleaner and richer than ever. Following her wild success with â€Å"Stars Dance† (2013) and â€Å"For You† (2014), â€Å"Revival† (2015) is full of flesh for an album in monotone colors. It feels totally fresh and more personal than many other big names on the shelf. People are talking about Gomez’s breakaway from her Disney-friendly, teen-themed pop group Selena Gomez the Scene. I can still remember trying to memorize the lyrics to â€Å"Who Says† in middle school and gushing over her latest music video. Some of those positive messages linger in â€Å"Revival,† but they’re smoothed over with a layer of glamour. They can be seen in the casual, whistling â€Å"Kill Em with Kindness,† and â€Å"Rise† has heart and uplifting lyrics. â€Å"Revival† is filled with classy, smooth snaps and chirps, trademarks of the lush, minimalist mainstream pop of today. â€Å"Same Old Love† is one of the best examples, filled with cool anguish and sensuality all at once. We will write a custom essay sample on Revival †¢ Selena Gomez or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gomez tackles the album with what I would imagine your twenties are supposed to be like. There’s an inevitable energy, whirlwind of emotions, and putting yourself first. The songs deal with mature topics, like the greedy, giggly â€Å"Hands to Myself† and the Internet-famous â€Å"Good for You† featuring A$AP Rocky. â€Å"Me the Rhythm† and â€Å"Body Heat† are music for the senses, while â€Å"Sober† and â€Å"Camouflage† are more serious, with frustration and anger locked tight in the lyrics. â€Å"Revival† is an impressive new front in Gomez’s music, hard-earned and intriguing, raising the question of what’s next. Sometimes it’s disappointing that Gomez puts more oomph in the beats than in her promising lyrical power, but it’s admirable that she places herself first in the album. The results are beautiful. Whether or not you’re one for celebrity gossip, you’ll appreciate Gomez’s public physical self-restoration. Her music comes from the inside out. It’s her revival.

Social Help of the Street Children

The street children are literally crying out for help as hopelessness fills the air.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Help of the Street Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What can a person say to children when you see them in the street, The children sleep under benches and sell flowers. The children are wet by the rain because they have no home to return to. The children beg for food; they eat glue to remove the pain of hunger. The children suffer from rape, molestation, and exploitation. The children’s dreams of a better future have been dashed away. They need a hand. The Philippines’ street children have grown in numbers. They live in cemeteries and street corners, buildings and other available crevices. The children’s clothes are in tatters. They smell and they look destitute. The counter argument, street children brought it on themselves through laziness, is unsustainable. A child’s need for food, clothing, and a cozy home environment, is the responsibility of the parents. The child is not tasked to work before one reaches the ripe adult age of 18 years. Another argument stating the street children should find work to feed their hungry stomach is wrong. Children below the legal age are not allowed to work, under the law. The children’s bodies are not mature enough to do heavy manual work. Based on the above discussion, the street children are the ill fated victims of society. The life of the street children is filled with difficulty. There are many factors contributing to the street children’s helpless situation. Indeed, society should come to the help of the street children. This essay on Social Help of the Street Children was written and submitted by user Matias D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Crim Essay Example

Crim Essay Example Crim Essay Crim Essay Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) Liquidador Reviewer Fecha Date IMPORTANTE: ESTA PLANILLA DEBERA RADICARSE EN O ANTES DEL 15 DE MAYO. IMPORTANT: THIS TAX RETURN SHOULD BE FILLED NO LATER THAN MAY 15TH. PLANILLA DEBE SER RADICADA EN ORIGINAL Y NO GRAPADA. RETURN MUST BE FILLED IN ORIGINAL AND NOT STAPLED ESTADO LIBRE ASOCIADO DE PUERTO RICO COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO CENTRO DE RECAUDACION DE INGRESOS MUNICIPALES Corrector Fecha Date MUNICIPAL REVENUE COLLECTION CENTER Planilla Mueble Enmendada Amended Personal Tax Return ReturnPage 2 2 PLANILLA DE CONTRIBUCION SOBRE LA PROPIEDAD MUEBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY TAX RETURN R-3 0 ANO / YEAR SELLO DE PAGO PAYMENT STAMP Investigador Field Audited by Fecha Date T P D R-1 R-2 SOLICITUD DE EXONERACION CONTRIBUTIVA REQUEST FOR TAX EXONERATION Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) Nombre del Contribuyente / Taxpayers Name Nombre y Apellidos del Conyuge (Para casos de individuos solamente) Name and Last Name of Spouse (In case of individual only) ZIP CODE FECHA DE INICIO DE OPERACIONES DATE BEGAN OPERATIONS Dia / Day Mes / Month Ano / Year Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) Direccion Postal / Postal Address Municipio / Municipality Localizacion Industria o Negocio Principal Numero, Calle y Pueblo Location of Principal Industry or Business Number, Street and City Tel. Negocio / Business Phone _____ _____ _____ FECHA DE RECIBO DATE RECEIVED PARA USO OFICIAL / OFFICIAL USE Nombre del Negocio / Business Name SI / YES NO Cambio Direccion / Address Change Contribuyente Nuevo / New Taxpayer MUNICIPIO MUNICIPALITY CODIGO CODE (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) (See Tax Return Instructions) SI / YES NO CLASE DE CONTRIBUYENTE Y CODIGOS / TYPE OF TAXPAYER AND CODES 1. INDIVIDUO (I) INDIVIDUAL (I) CORPORACION (C) CORPORATION (C) 3. SOCIEDAD (S) PARTNERSHIP (S) COOPERATIVA (P) COOPERATIVE (P) 5. SUCESION (U) ESTATE (U) FIDEICOMISO (F) TRUST (F) 7. OTROS (O) OTHERS (O) 2. 4. 6. INDIQUE NATURALEZA DEL NEGOCIO / INDICATE KIND OF BUSINESS GRUPO I COMERCIAL GROUP I COMMERCIAL GRUPO II INDUSTRIAL GROUP II INDUSTRIAL GRUPO III V SERVICIOS GROUP III V SERVICES GRUPO IV AGRICULTURA GROUP IV AGRICULTURE GRUPO VI NEGOCIOS MIXTOS GROUP VI MIXED BUSINESS Dia / Day ESPECIFIQUE NATURALEZA DE NEGOCIO / SPECIFY KIND OF BUSINESS FECHA DE RECIBO DATE RECEIVED Mes / Month Ano / Year _____ _____ _____ PARA USO OFICIAL SOLAMENTE FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY LOS PAGOS POR CORREO SE ENVIARAN A LA SIGUIENTE DIRECCION: PAYMENTS SENT BY MAIL SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO: $ , , . CENTRO DE RECAUDACION DE INGRESOS MUNICIPALES MUNICIPAL REVENUE COLLECTION CENTER DIA / DAY MES / MONTH ANO / YEAR Pagado con esta Planilla / Paid with this Return PO Box 195387 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919-5387 $ , , . Pagado con Prorroga Automatica / Paid with Automatic Extension 0 FECHA DE RADICACION / DATE SUBMITTED (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) IF PERSONAL PROPERTY IS OWNED IN MORE THAN ONE MUNICIPALITY OMIT ITEMS 1 THRU 6 AND GO TO ITEM 7, (B) OF SCHEDULE A. Planilla Mueble / Pagina 2 Personal Tax Return / Page 2 SI POSEE PROPIEDAD MUEBLE EN MAS DE UN MUNICIPIO OMITA LAS PARTIDAS 1 A LA 6 Y PROCEDA DIRECTAMENTE A LA PARTIDA 7, (B) DEL ENCASILLADO A. Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) 1. VALORACION TOTAL (Encasillado C) TOTAL VALUATION (Schedule C). 2. MENOS: VALORACION EXENTA (Partida 4, Encasillado G) LESS: EXEMPT VALUATION (Item 4, Schedule G).. , , , , , , , , , , 00 $ $ $ $ $ 00 3. VALORACION BRUTA GROSS VALUATION 0 4. MENOS: VALORACION EXONERADA (Partida 2, Encasillado H) LESS: EXONERATED VALUATION (Item 2, Schedule H) 00 5. VALORACION SUJETA A CONTRIBUCION VALUATION SUBJECT TO TAX. 6. MUNICIPIO MUNICIPALITY CODIGO CODE (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) (See Tax Return Instructions) (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) (See Tax Return Instructions). 0 TIPO CONTRIBUTIVO TAX RATE_____________________________________________________ 7. CONTRIBUCION DETERMINADA (Seleccione solo una alternativa) TAX DETERMINED (Select only one Alternative) . ENCASILLADO A / SCHEDULE A A) PROPIEDAD EN UN SOLO MUNICIPIO (Multiplique la partida 5 por la 6 de este Encasillado) PROPERTY IN ONLY ONE MUNICIPALITY (Multiply item 5 by item 6 this schedule) B) PROPIEDAD EN MAS DE UN MUNICIPIO. Especif ique Cantidad ________ (Incluya Modelo AS. 29. 1, Vease Linea 79) PROPERTY IN MORE THAN ONE MUNICIPALTY. Specify Quantity ________ (Include Form AS. 9. 1. I, See Line 79) 8. MENOS 5% DESCUENTO (Determine el 5% de la partida 7 si paga total y no mas tarde del 15 de mayo) LESS 5% DISCOUNT (Compute 5% of item 7 if payment in full and not later than may 15). $ $ $ $ , , , , , , , , . . . . 9. MAS: A) Intereses___________________ B) Recargos___________________ C) Penalidad____________________ PLUS: Interest Surcharges Penalty 10. ESTA ES SU RESPONSABILIDAD CONTRIBUTIVA (Reste o sume las lineas 8 o 9 de la linea 7) TAX LIABILITY (Substract or add item 8 or 9 from line 7). 11. MENOS: IMPORTE PAGADO LESS: AMOUNT PAID A) CON ESTA PLANILLA WITH THIS RETURN B) CON PRORROGA AUTOMATICA WITH AUTOMATIC EXTENSION $ $ , , , , , . . , C) CREDITO POR PAGO EN EXCESO DE ANOS ANTERIORES CREDIT FOR TAX OVERPAID OF PRECEDING YEARS $ (SOMETA EVIDENCIA) (INCLUDE EVIDENCE) . $ , , , , . . 12. BALANCE (No mayor de cero para acogerse al descuento. Si el balance es negativo traslade a partida 13 de este encasillado) BALANCE (No greater than zero in order to be entitled to the discount. If balance is negative tranfer it to item 13 of this schedule) 13. CONTRIBUCION PAGADA EN EXCESO AMOUNT OF TAX OVERPAID A) ACREDITAR A LA CONTRIBUCION DEL ANO 20____ , _______________________________________________ TO BE CREDIT TO TAX FOR B) A REINTEGRAR__________________________________________________ _______ TO BE REFUNDED $ $ , , . (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) COMPUTOS GANANCIA BRUTA GROSS PROFIT COMPUTATION Planilla Mueble / Pagina 3 Personal Tax Return / Page 3 Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) ANO FINALIZADO EN __________ 20 _____ YEAR ENDED $ 00 VENTAS BRUTAS O INGRESOS POR SERVICIOS GROSS SALES OR INCOME FROM SERVICES ENCASILLADO B / SCHEDULE B MENOS / LESS: Descuentos en ventas Discount on sales.. $ Devoluciones y rebajas en ventas Sales returns and allowances.. $ Otros / Others_____________________ $ 00 00 00 $ 00 VENTAS NETAS O INGRESOS POR SERVICIOS / NET SALES OR INCOME FROM SERVICES.. MENOS / LESS: COSTO DE VENTAS / COST OF GOOD SOLD: Inventario Inicial / Beginning Inventory $ Mas / Plus: Compras Netas / Net Purchases: $ Sub-Total. $ Menos / Less: Inventario Final / Ending Inventory $ $ , 00 00 00 00 , , 00 COSTO DE VENTAS / COST OF GOOD SOLD INGRESO BRUTO (Ventas Netas menos Costo de Ventas) GROSS PROFIT ON SALES(Net Sales less Cost of Good Sold) $ $ , , 00 00 Costo de Ventas / Cost of Sales Ventas / Sales Costo de las ventas / Cost of Sales: (____________________________ ? ________________________) igual al / equal _______% para usarse / to be used en la columna (3) Ventas al Costo, Seccion 2 del Modelo AS-29. 3 / in column (3) Sales at Cost, Section 2, Form AS-29. 3. I RESUMEN DE VALORACION DE LA PROPIEDAD TRIBUTABLE, EXENTA Y EXONERADA VALUATION SUMMARY OF TAXABLE, EXEMPT AND EXONERATED PROPERTY ENCASILLADO C / SCHEDULE C 1. Efectivo en caja / Cash on Hand . Inversiones / Investments. . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3. Inventarios / Inventories. 4. Materiales y Efectos / Materials and Supplies. 5. Maquinaria y Equipo / Machinery and Equipment. 6. Mejoras / Improvements 7. Cualquier Otra Propiedad Tributable / Any Other Taxable Property TOTAL (Traslade al Encasillado A, partida 1 o al Modelo AS-29-1, Columna 2, segun sea el caso) TOTAL (Transfer to Schedule A, item 1 or Form AS-29-1. I, Column 2, as the case may be ) ENCASILLADO D / SCHEDULE D PROPIEDAD MUEBLE SUJETA A CONTRIBUCION PERTENECIENTE A OTROS EN PODER DEL CONTRIBUYENTE, SUMINISTRE DESGLOSE (Propiedad arrendada, Inventarios consignados, etc. ) TAXABLE PERSONAL PROPERTY BELONGING TO OTHERS IN HAND OF THE TAXPAYER, COMPLETE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE (Leased property, consigned inventories, etc) Clase de Propiedad / Type of Property Dueno y Direccion / Owner and Address $ $ $ Valor de la Propiedad / Value of Property Arrendada o en Consignacion / Leased or Consigned ENCASILLADO E / SCHEDULE E INFORMACION MANDATORIA PARA CORPORACIONES / MANDATORY INFORMATION FOR CORPORATIONS INFORMACION ADICIONAL: Numero de Acciones Comunes _______________ y Preferidas _______________ Poseidas por Residentes en P. R. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Number of Common Share _______________ and Preferred _______________ Owned by Puerto Rico residents. Nombre de Directores y Oficiales Name of Officers and Directors Capacidad Oficial Official Title Direccion Postal Postal Address Num. No. Calle Street Fecha de Expiracion del Termino Date of Expiration of Terms (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic. 005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec. 2005) JURAMENTOS / OATHS Planilla Mueble / Pagina 4 Personal Tax Return / Page 4 Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) I- INDIVIDUOS, SUCESIONES, FIDEICOMISOS Y OTROS CONTRIBUYENTES O AGENTES EN SU CARACTER INDIVIDUAL O REPRESENTATIVO INDIVIDUALS, ESTATES, TRUSTS AND OTHER TAXPAYER OR AGENTS AS AN INDIVIDUAL OR REPRESENTATIVE CHARACTER Declaro bajo las penalidades de perjurio que he examinado esta planilla, incluyendo los Estados Financieros y Anejos que se acompanan, y que segun mi mejor informacion y creencia, es cierta, correcta y completa. I declare under the penalties of perjury that this return, including any accompanying schedules and statements, has been examined by me and to my best knowledge and belief is a true, correct and complete return. Nombre en letra de molde / Print name Fecha / Date Firma del Contribuyente o Agente / Signature of Taxpayer or Agent Direccion del Agente / Address of Agent II- CORPORACIONES, SOCIEDADES Y COOPERATIVAS CORPORATIONS, PARTNERSHIPS AND COOPERATIVES ENCASILLADO F / SCHEDULE F NOSOTROS, los infrascritos, presidente (o vicepresidente u otro oficial principal) y tesorero (o tesorero auxiliar), o agente de la corporacion o socio gestor o agente de la sociedad a nombre de la cual se hace esta planilla, separada y debidamente juramentada, cada uno por si declara que esta Planilla de Contribucion sobre Propiedad Mueble (incluyendo los anejos y estados que le acompanan) ha sido examinada por el y es, segun su mejor informacion y creencia, una planilla exacta, correcta y completa para el ano contributivo indicado, hecha de buena fe, de acuerdo con las disposiciones de la Ley Num. 3 de agosto de 1991, segun enmendada y los Reglamentos promulgados para su ejecucion. WE, the undersigned, president, (or vicepresident or other principal officer) and treasurer or (assistant treasurer), or agent of the corporation or managing partner or agent of the partnership for which this return is made, being severally duly sworn, each for himself deposes and says that this return ( including any accompanying schedules and statements) has been examined by him and is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true, correct, and complete return, made in good faith, for the taxable year stated, pursuant to Act. 3 of August 30, 1991, as amended, and the Regulations issued thereunder. Presidente o Vice-Presidente o Socio Gestor President or Vice-President or Managing Partner (Indique Titulo) (State Title) Tesorero o Tesorero Auxiliar Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer (Indique titulo) (State Title) Agente / Agent Affidavit Num. / No. Jurado y suscrito ante mi por Sworn and subscribe before me by , mayor de edad, de ocupacion of legal age, occupation y vecino de SELLO NOTARIAL NOTARIAL SEAL and resident of , y por and by , mayor de edad, de ocupacion of legal age, occupation y vecino de and resident of personalmente conocidos por mi, en ersonally known to me, at , Puerto Rico, a Puerto Rico, this de day of de 20 of 20 Titulo Oficial / Official Title Firma del Oficial que toma el juramento Signature of Officer Administering Oath III- INDIVIDUOS, SOCIEDADES, COOPERATIVAS, SUCESIONES, FIDEICOMISOS O CORPORACIONES PREPARADOR Y/O REVISADOR INDIVIDUALS, PARTNERSHIPS, COOPERATIVES, ESTATES, TRUSTS, OR CORPORATIONS PREPARER AND / OR REVIEWER Declaro bajo las penalidades de perjurio que he examinado esta planilla, incluyendo los Estados Financieros y Anejos que se acompanan, y que segun mi mejor informacion y creencia,es cierta, correcta y completa. I declare under the penalties of perjury that this return, including any accompanying schedules and statements, has been examined by me and to my best knowledge and belief is a true, correct and complete return. Nombre del Negocio (o el suyo propio, si es patrono independiente) / Businesss name (or yours if self employed) Direccion (Numero, Calle y Pueblo) / Address (Number, Street and City) Zip Code Numero de Seguro Social / Social Security Number ESTAMPILLA DEL COLEGIO DE CPA CPA STAMP Marque si es patrono independiente Check if self employed Preparador / Preparer: Revisador / Reviewer: Fecha / Date Firma del Revisador / Signature of Reviewer Licencia Num. / License No. Fecha / Date Firma del Preparador / Signature of Preparer (www. crimpr. net) 2006 2979 Modelo AS-29 (Rev. Dic 2005) Form AS-29 (Rev. Dec 2005) Planilla Mueble / Pagina 5 Personal Tax Return / Page 5 Num. Cuenta (Seg. Soc. ) / Account No. (Soc. Sec. ) VALORACION EXENTA EXEMPT VALUATION DECRETO NUM. __________________ DECREE NO. 1. Ley Num. 57 del 13 de junio de 1963, segun enmendada Act. No. 57 of June 13, 1963, as amended FECHA DE EFECTIVIDAD_______________________ FECHA DE EXPIRACION __________________ EFFECTIVE DATE EXPIRATION DATE A) Valoracion totalmente exenta Totally Exempt Valuation.. (IN57T) $ (IN57P) 00 00 00 00 $ B) Valoracion sujeta a exencion parcial Valuation subject to partial exemption.. C) Porciento de exencion (Vease Decreto) Percentage of exemption (Refer to Decree) D) Valoracion exenta (Multiplique partida 1 B por 1 C) Exempt Valuation (Multiply item 1 B by 1 C). ENCASILLADO G / SCHEDULE G E) Total de Exencion (Partidas 1 A + 1 D). Total Exemption (Items 1 A + 1 D) 00 2. Ley Num. 26 del 2 de junio de 1978, segun enmendada y Ley Num. 8 del 24 de enero de 1987, segun sea el caso Act. No. 26 of June 2 1978, as amended and Act. No. 8 of January 24, 1987 as the case may be DECRETO NUM. __________________ DECREE NO. FECHA DE EFECTIVIDAD_______________________ EFFECTIVE DATE FECHA DE EXPIRACION __________________ EXPIRATION DATE A) Valoracion total cubierta por decreto (Vease Instrucciones Planilla) Total valuation covered by decree (See Tax Return Instructions) B) Menos exencion Sec. 3 (b) (4) No aplica a la Ley Num. 8 del 24 de enero de 1987 Less exemption Sec. 3 (b) (4) Do not apply to Act. No. 8 of January 24, 1987 (IN26T) $ 00 00 00 00 00 $ $ INC8P) o / or (IN26P) C) Valoracion sujeta a exencion parcial Valuation subject to partial exemption .. D) Porciento de exencion (Vease decreto) Percentage of exemption (Refer to decree).. E) Valoracion exenta (Multiplique partida 2 C por 2 D) Exempt Valuation (Multiply items 2 C by 2 D). F) Total de Exencion (Partidas 2 B + 2 E) Total of Exemption (Items 2 B + 2 E).. . Otras exenciones (Especifique) Others Exemptions (Specify)__________________________________________________________ 4. Valoracion exenta. [Su me las partidas 1 E + 2 F +3 y traslade al Encasillado A, partida 2 o al Modelo AS-29. 1, columna 3 en la linea correspondiente al municipio con derecho a exencion, segun sea el caso] Exempt Valuation. [Add the items 1 E + 2 F + 3 and transfer to Schedule A, Item 2 or Form AS-29. 1. I, column 3 on the line

European Court of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Court of Justice - Essay Example This case was a landmark in the history of the ECJ and the conclusion drawn was "the Community constitutes a new legal order of international law for the benefit of which the states have limited their sovereign rights, albeit within limited fields, and the subjects of which comprise not only Member States but also their nationals". The ECJ also held that either an individual or a firm can depend on the provisos of the accords against the national government and its rights are enforceable in a domestic court. The legal footing for the conclusion in Van Gend en Loos is very disputable. The Court interpreted Article 12 as meaning to bestow rights on individuals. The Court cited the Preamble, which mentions citizens and also States, and to the introductory indication system in Article 177 (which is now Article 234). This very clearly predicts that parties can bring up queries of Community law in the national courts. Actually here the general wording of the EC accord can be interpreted as one that inflicts direct effect and develops personal rights to be protected by the national courts.2 The court had implemented and elaborated direct outcome to include secondary legislation, especially the directives (Miriam Lenz, et al 2000, p.509). In fact the court had actually stated that the impact of a directive "would be weakened if individuals were prevented from relying on it before national courts and if the latter were prevented from taking it into consideration as an element of Community law."3 It is clear that the conception of direct consequence is one of the most essential legal doctrines created by ECJ (Prinssen and Schrauwen, 2002). The loyalty principle stated that the Member States had to obey their principles.4 As a result the national courts had a duty based on the principle of supremacy to give priority to community law when a disagreement arose with national law. Under these circumstances the community law would have to be applied directly in a legal challenge. Thus the effet utile, of EC law as a result called for the national courts to enforce community law in the circumstances where it was appropriate (Paul, and Grainne, 2003). This adaptation of the Court that a proviso of a directive has the capacity of being dependent even in legal proceedings amid individual parties has in reality blurred the inhibition of the horizontal direct outcome of directives. Fundamental policy The primary policy rationale for rejection of horizontal direct impact of Directives in Marshall5 was only a textual controversy. The ECJ adjudged that a Directive cannot be dependent against an individual since, "according to Article [249] of the EEC Treaty, the binding nature of a directive, which constitutes the basis for the possibility of relying on the directive before a national Court, exists only in relation to 'each Member State to which it is addressed"'6 The ECJ further states that "a directive may not of itself impose obligations on an individual and that a provision of a directive may not be relied upon as such against such a person". This conclusion formed the basis for succeeding case law. On close scrutiny three important problems can be reasoned out. A.G. Jacobs in Vaneetveld v Le Foyer SA7 stated that the approach as laid down by ECJ is difficult to resolve with the judicial interpretation to certain Treaty as also openly directed to the Member State. Thus in the Defrenne case8 the

CORPORATE RESEARCH PAPER Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CORPORATE - Research Paper Example As of the financial year 2011, Chevron generated a sales value worth $244 billion and the net income attributable to the company during the same period was $27 billion. The profitability of the company can be gauged from the fact that the net income per share of the company during 2011 was $13.44, while the company also paid cash dividends worth $3.09 per share. The return on capital and the return on equity of Chevron during as of 2011 were 21.6% and 23.8% respectively (Chevron, 2012). Though the company is instituted in California, in the United States, Chevron has business activities throughout the world in over 120 countries. The following figure represents the geographic reach of Chevron across the world, by means of onshore operations, offshore operations, pipelines or refineries. Figure 1: Global Reach of Chevron Corporation (Juhasz, 2009) In 2011, the average net production of Chevron was 2.673 million oil barrels for every day, of which around 75% of the volume was produced from countries other than the United States (Chevron, 2012). This can be lucidly illustrated from the following figure: Figure 2: Geographic Segmentation of Chevron’s Production (Chevron, 2011) Chevron is present in various countries, such as the USA, the UK, Canada, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nigeria, Singapore and Australia to name a few. Chevron Corporation has a number of subsidiaries and associates for managing and operating its worldwide operations. Some of them are Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (CUSA), Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, Chevron Transport Corporation Ltd. (CTC), and Tengizchevroil LLP (TCO) among others. Even though every subsidiary of Chevron is accountable for its individual affairs, Chevron Corporation handles its investments in its subsidiaries in addition to their affiliates. The operations and business activities of Chevron are categorised into two business divisions, namely, Upstream and Downstream. The upstream business segment comprise s of sale of crude oil and natural gas produced by the company itself, in addition to the sale of natural gas produced by other companies. On the other hand, the downstream segment comprises of activities related to the processing and marketing of various forms of petroleum products. The United States of America is the principal country of operation of Chevron Corporation. Hence, in its annual reports, the company presents its geographic breakdown of performance in terms of two categories, i.e., the United States, Chevron’s domicile nation while other countries where the company operates reported as ‘International’ (outside the United States). The following table represents the breakdown of sales, assets and income of Chevron Corporation for the year 2011, in terms of the above discussed segments: Year 2011 Sales Assets Earnings Upstream United States 27,738 37,108 6,512 International 55,098 98,540 18,274 Downstream United States 91,078 22,182 1,506 International 123,221 20,517 2,085 All others United States 1,598 8,824 - International 46 17,661 - Total United States 120,414 68,114 8018 International 178,365 136,718 20,359 (All values in millions of US dollars) (Chevron Corporation, 2011) In this context, it is should be noted that excluding the United States,