The Effect of Different Levels of Radiation in Growth of Plants Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Different Levels of Radiation in Growth of Plants Essay ABSTRACT The effect of different levels of radiation was determined using four set-ups-10kR, 30kR, 50 kR, and the control (no radiation). The four set-ups were observed for nine weeks and growth (in cm), germination, and survival rate was measured. Results showed that at the right level of radiation level (10 kR), radiation have a positive effect on the plant growth and has the same germination and survival rate from the control set up. The 30 kR set up and 50 kR set up are relatively smaller in growth than the control set up. Thus, increasing the radiation level above 10 kr corn inhibits its growth in terms of height and decreases the percent germination ofcorn (Zea mays L.) but with right amount of radiation at 10 kr radiation has a positive effects in terms of growth. INTRODUCTION According to (Mendioro, Laude, Barrion, Diaz, Mendoza, Ramirez, 2010), Mutations are changes in the genetic material that are heritable and essentially permanent. Mutations either may be spontaneous, or induced by physical or chemical agents. Ionizing radiation such as X-rays, protons, neutrons and alpha, beta, and gamma rays from radioactive sources like radium and cobalt-90, X-rays and other ionizing radiation is one of the common mutagenic agents that break DNA strand which produce chromosome breaks rather than base changes (Ramirerz, Mendioro, Laude, 2010). Ionizing radiation can penetrate tissues and undergo ionization forming ions. These ions undergo chemical reactions to have a stable chemical configuration. While doing these, ions produce breaks in chromosomes, (DNA) which induce mutation (Das, 2006). The biological effect of ionizing radiation depends mainly on the amount of energy absorbed by the biological system of which, of course, the chromosomes are the most target (Harten, 1998). However according to Wort (1941) as cited by (Sax, 1955) wheat seeds irradiated with low doses of X rays produced larger plants than the control. The study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of radiation on plant growth in corn (Zea mays L.). The specific objectives were: 1.To  observe the effects of different levels of radiation on plant growth in termes of height, germination, and survivability, and 2.To explain the observe effects of radiation in corn (Zea mays L.) to its growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the result of different levels of radiation in plant growth of corn, corn seeds were irradiated at varying doses: 10 kR,30 kR, and 50 kR. These irradiated seeds were at the same time and the same place including the control set-up. For nine weeks, the data for plant growth (cm), germination rate(%), survivability rate (%) were collected and tabulated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As seen in Table 1, results show that the the set-up that was irradiated with 30 kR and 50 kR ended the lowest percent germination while the set-up that was irradiated with 10 kR was the same with the control based on percent germination which is 100%. At the first date of observation, the lowest in average height is the set-up that was irradiated with 50 kR. With the same date and place of planting, you can conclude that radiation has an effect to the plant growth, germination, and survival of the plant. You can see at the Graph 1 that the control set-up and the 10 kR set-up are almost the same but in the end of the graph, the 10 kR set-up was the highest in terms of average plant height.  At 50 kR, the plant cannot survive anymore due to the radiation and no data was recorded because the survival rate is 0% means all the plants in the 50 kR was dead.  Unlike in the 10 kR, 30 kR set-ups was relatively lower than 10 kR setup in terms of plant growth, survival rate and germination rate. Plants have some resistant to some radiation because plants do not have lotions and sunblocks and they need sunlight for photosynthesis and we know that the sun emits UV  rays. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The effect of different levels of radiation was observed by irradiating corn seed using three different setups-10 kR, 30 kR, and 50 kR. Data was collected and shown. Thus, there is a certain level of radiation that can make a plant grow more. In this experiment, we conclude that at 10 kR, corn plants grow better because of mutation. Furthermore, this experiment is subjected to further reseach to improve the conclusion that at certain level radiation, plants grow better. Bibliography Das, L. D. (2006). Genetics and Plant Breeding. New Age International Ltd. Harten, A. M. (1998). Mutation Breeding: Theory and Practical Applications. Cambridge University Press. Mendioro, M. S., Laude, R. P., Barrion, A. A., Diaz, M. Q., Mendoza, J. C., Ramirez, D. A. (2010). Genetics: Laboratory Manual 12th Revision. 7 Lakes Printing Press. Ramirerz, D. A., Mendioro, M. S., Laude, R. P. (2010). Lectures in Genetics Ninth Edition. 7 Lakes Printing Press. Sax, K. (1955). The Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Plant Growth. American Journal of Botany, 360-364.

Night before x-mas parody :: essays research papers

‘Twas the night before spring break, when all through the city Lots of young people were stirring, awake in their house; The short pants and short sleeves were hung in the closet with care, In hopes that warm weather soon would be there; The children were restless being stuck in there beds, While visions of pre-summer fun danced in there heads; And dark in the window and I on the couch, Had just woken up from a quick evening nap, When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, I sprang from my resting place to see to see what was the matter. Away to the window I flew like a flash, Turned on the light and threw up the sash. The moon on the rest of the fresh spring grass Gave the luster of morning to objects below, When what to my sleepy eyes should appear, But a kid on a razor scooter, offending my ears. With a little young rider so lively and quick, I knew in a moment it must be a neigbor. More anoying than anything was the grinding that came, As he rumbled and grumbled down the pavement he came; As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly, When he meets a small rock scooter and rider will fly, So down to the street corner he flew, With a frown on his face and a broken scooter too. And then, in a twinkling, i heard on the street The jumping and screaming and each muffled oof. As i drew in my hand and was turning around, Up from the pavement he came with a bound. He was dressed all in new clothing from his head to his foot, And his clothes were all tarnished with dirt from a nearby tree root; A beat up scoter he had flung on his back, And he looked like he was homeless and high on crack. His eyes didn’t twinkle, his dimples not merry! His cheeks were filled with embarrassment and his face red as a cherry! His droll little mouth pulled down in a frown, And the amusement of his actions compared with a clown; The stump of a handlebar he held tight in his hand, And the thought of his misfortune circled his head, He had a broad face and a round little belly, That shook when he walked like a bowlful of jelly. He was chubby and plump, a right sorry young elf, And i laughed when i saw him, in spite of myself;

Eliza’s Transformation in Pygmalion by George Shaw Essay

In the play Pygmalion by George Shaw, Eliza experiences a type of transformation. Before Eliza first encountered Mr. Higgins, she was a dirty, improper, poor young girl. During her time with both Mr. Higgins and Colonel Pickering, Eliza did change. Her change seems so go in somewhat of a cycle, however. For the fist few weeks of her stay she questioned everything that Higgins asked her to do. She simply was unable to see how they would help her. Later, Eliza begins to understand that even though Higgins’ ways are so harsh, he is doing his best to teach her and he deserves some cooperation. After the ambassador’s ball, we see more of the old Eliza because her task is finished. She starts to worry again, and since she has grown attached to Higgins and Pickering, she is so upset that they still see her as something of little value. Eliza’s upper-class speech and manners can be observed, but her inner confidence is what changes the most. In the beginning of Higgins’s study, Eliza feels that she has to impress Higgins by making sure he knows that she arrived in a taxi. Eliza does not understand Higgins’ personality at first and feels like he is being specifically mean to her. During her lessons, Eliza is worked so hard she begins to regret allowing herself to put up with Higgins as a teacher. Her hatred towards the man disappears a little bit when she realizes that she can only accomplish her dream of working as a lady in a flower shop if he is shapes her into a lady. She tried to hide the anger built up because of Higgins and think of him as more of a friend. She does not realized at first that Higgins takes pride in his work and not his student. She soon realized that Higgins’ investment in her was merely a tool used to enhance Higgins reputation in society. Higgins showed no appreciation towards Eliza as he repeatedly boasted about his success, and he not once acknowledged her. Higgins was able to transform Eliza into a lady, but what he did not realized was that he had slowly been making Eliza a stronger person. During the process, his constant beating on Eliza made her realize that she did not deserve his disrespect. She begins to stand up for herself and believe in her worth. This is illustrated in Eliza’s throwing the slippers at Higgins. Eliza finally stands up to Higgins and does it in a bold way. Higgins was able to change Eliza. Originally she was an innocent girl trying to stay alive. Higgins through the introduction to a proper life-style had altered Eliza’s way of thinking. It was good for Eliza to become stronger as she did. At the end of the play, she becomes overpowering to Higgins, her beauty becomes irresistible as Higgins realizes that she is leaving. It took the threat of Eliza leaving for him to see his true feelings towards her. Eliza’s strength is shown the most when she is finally able to leave Higgins. She shows that she is able to take care of herself and does not need Higgins’ superficial changes to survive.

Gender Stereotypes And Its Effects On Society - 893 Words

In society it is very hard to get away from sexism. It shows up in the media, clothing products, toys, and even television shows. Not only do we have lingerie commercials on television but now they consist of very skinny models with big breasts and of course they are gorgeous and a size zero. What ever happened to the overweight women, or the flat chested lady that just had three kids, why is she not on the runway showing off the new items for Victoria’s Secret? From a marketing perspective; sex sells. It is unfortunate that it has to happen at all, not only does it happen to women but also to men. Both genders are being portrayed as sexist’s objects in many different aspects in our society. No matter where we go it seems that sexism pops up in even the most unexpected ways. Going out shopping looking for pictures frames I never expected to find a sexy woman shown on a piece of paper in the picture frame. Does the marketing company think that I am going to buy this certain type of frame because the girl can hold her hair a certain way and make a seductive look with her eyes? Not so much, but a male client maybe more enticed by this woman’s look. Why do these companies feel that this is necessary? Do they really make that much more money by making items have the sex appeal? In 2013, the United States advertising made over $103 billion in revenue (Bush, Nagelberg, Campbell, n.d., para. 1). Most of the products that generally use sexist images are those of advertising forShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes And Its Effect On Society1418 Words   |  6 Pagestheir role in society is associated with masculine ideals. Generalizations that exist are such of men should; b e athletic and strong, be in charge, be the head of the family, to make the money, to want sex, and not show emotions. These generalizations are portrayed and instilled in our lives from media influence to even the adults in our lives telling us so. Males all over the world grow up trying to abide by the set limits society deems a male should do. The mindset of today’s society is tainted withRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Its Effect On Society966 Words   |  4 Pagesand images that surround us become a part of the culture in society and typically represent and reinforce a fabrication of gender roles, which ultimately frames gender stereotype. This is known as the gender ideology, a process that society considers normal and because of this, we abide by these distinctions without realizing the repercussions. Nonetheless, the advertisers and editors of images put forth great effort in molding each gender differently. Women, for example, obtain an ideal view as beingRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Its Effect On Society861 Words   |  4 PagesZac Galifianakis once stated, â€Å"Welcome to our society. 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